Technology & Digital1996–2023percent

R&D spend

Name: R&D spend
Creator: World Bank Open Data
License: https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/public-licenses

Research and development (R&D) expenditure as a percentage of GDP from the World Bank and UNESCO. Tracks national investment in innovation.

1.6%Poland · 2023

World Bank Open DataPublished by source: 2026-07-13

digital GDP

Saved data version: retrieved 2026-09-15, ID 14bb5af1fe91Warehouse version at build: v45

Data coverage

Poland: 1996–2023; observations: 28; missing years: 0

Missing years are counted between the first and last observations. A missing value is not zero.

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28 rows for Poland

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Poland

Period statistics

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Poland

0.6→1.6

Total change: +0.9 pp
Period: 1996–2023

Poland: 0.6 (1996) → 1.6 (2023). Difference: +0.9 pp. Peak value of 1.6 in 2023; lowest value of 0.5 in 2003.

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R&D spend — Poland
Year	Country	Value
2023	Poland	1.6%
2022	Poland	1.4%
2021	Poland	1.4%
2020	Poland	1.4%
2019	Poland	1.3%
2018	Poland	1.2%
2017	Poland	1%
2016	Poland	1%
2015	Poland	1%
2014	Poland	0.9%
2013	Poland	0.9%
2012	Poland	0.9%
2011	Poland	0.7%
2010	Poland	0.7%
2009	Poland	0.7%
2008	Poland	0.6%
2007	Poland	0.6%
2006	Poland	0.5%
2005	Poland	0.6%
2004	Poland	0.5%

Source: World Bank Open Data
Licence: CC BY 4.0
Published by source: 2026-07-13
Retrieved: 2026-09-15
Indicator code in source: GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Unit of measure: percent
Data version: v45

Cite

Longseries, “R&D spend”. World Bank Open Data (GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS), 1996–2023, Brazil, China, Czechia, Germany, Spain, France, United Kingdom, India, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, United States, World. Retrieved 2026-09-15. CC BY 4.0. Data version v45. Data SHA-256: 14bb5af1fe91dd8892d540def79f145a4cb5d93543077099195444c730de18a8. https://longseries.com/en/d/research-share/

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Comparison year

Extremes among countries with the same observation year: for 2023: highest — Sweden; lowest — Brazil

Only the first rows are shown here. Use “Remaining locations” below for the full list.

15 places — sorted by value, highest first
Country
Highest value in the comparable yearSweden	2023	3.6%3.6%
United States	2023	3.4%3.4%
Japan	2023	3.4%3.4%
Germany	2023	3.2%3.2%
United Kingdom	2023	2.7%2.7%
World	2023	2.6%2.6%
China	2023	2.6%2.6%
Netherlands	2023	2.3%2.3%

Remaining locations (7)

Poland

About this series

Gross domestic R&D expenditure, % of GDP. UNESCO / OECD / Eurostat via the World Bank.

Indicator definition

Research and development (R&D) expenditure as a percentage of GDP from UNESCO and the World Bank. See also: GDP per capita.

How to read the data

A research share is not a patent count. Keep the blanks; do not interpolate.

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